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Sean P. Goldy

2 papers in the library · 58 citations · publishing 2024-2026

Papers

Trip sitting or just sitting? Session facilitators substantially influence psychedelic experiences in clinical trials but not in healthy ones

Psychiatry Research February 13, 2026 Sean P. Goldy, Nathan D. Sepeda, Samantha Hilbert et al. 1 citation

The acute subjective effects of psychedelics are known to predict therapeutic benefits like reduced depression and anxiety. Session facilitators—who support participants before, during, and after dosing—are a key part of the setting, but their influence on subjective effects was unclear. Analyzing data from 9 psilocybin studies with 298 participants, 670 sessions, and 60 facilitators, multilevel models showed facilitators accounted for negligible variance (0.8%) in healthy volunteers but greater variance in clinical samples (13.6%), after controlling for study and participant differences. This suggests facilitators may play a clinically meaningful role in shaping outcomes for patient populations, comparable to or exceeding therapist effects in traditional psychotherapy (~8%).