Neurotoxicity Associated with Ketamine: An Antidepressant with Potential Risks
Theoretical and Natural Science December 24, 2025 Yiyin Hu
Ketamine, traditionally an anesthetic, has gained attention for its rapid antidepressant effects, especially in treatment-resistant depression. However, long-term or high-dose use may cause neurotoxicity, including nerve tissue damage, cognitive decline, mental health issues, and addiction risk. This review examines these dual effects, focusing on NMDA receptor antagonism as the mechanism for both therapeutic and harmful outcomes. It highlights the challenge of balancing efficacy with neurological safety, noting that dose control and monitoring strategies in long-term clinical use remain imperfect. Future research should clarify the dose-toxicity relationship and explore neuroprotective interventions.