Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition.
Clinical Psychology Science and Practice January 1, 2004 Scott R. Bishop, Mark A. Lau, Shauna L. Shapiro et al. 6,266 citations
Mindfulness has attracted considerable interest as a way to reduce cognitive vulnerability to stress and emotional distress, but it has not been defined operationally. Recent consensus meetings produced a two-component model of mindfulness, specifying each component in terms of specific behaviors, experiential manifestations, and psychological processes. The paper addresses temporal stability and situational specificity, speculates on the conceptual and operational distinctiveness of mindfulness, and discusses implications for instrument development and measurement.