Evaluation of the Ecstasy influence on tramadol and its main metabolite plasma concentration in rats
Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy January 26, 2017 Bardia Jamali, Behjat Sheikholeslami, Yalda Hosseinzadeh Ardakani et al. 6 citations
MDMA (Ecstasy) alters how the body processes tramadol, a painkiller prone to abuse. In male rats, MDMA slowed tramadol absorption when given orally and increased tramadol concentrations when given intravenously. MDMA also inhibited the CYP3A4 enzyme, a key metabolizer of many drugs, suggesting broader drug interactions. For people who use both substances, intravenous tramadol may pose greater toxicity risks, while oral tramadol may require higher doses to achieve the same effect.