Cannabis use is linked to an increased risk of psychosis and schizophrenia, particularly in individuals with a genetic vulnerability or those who start using at a young age. The evidence for a causal relationship with depression is less consistent, while heavy, long-term use is associated with impairments in memory, attention, and executive function. The review synthesizes current evidence-based knowledge on these associations, drawing on literature from PubMed and Google Scholar.
Treatment-resistant depression affects many people with major depressive disorder who do not achieve remission with standard antidepressants. This review examines current and emerging strategies, including medication combinations, neuromodulation, and psychedelic-assisted therapies. Ketamine, esketamine, and psilocybin show promise for non-responders. Future approaches may repurpose drugs like lurasidone, pioglitazone, and minocycline for new mechanisms and better tolerability. A personalized, evidence-based, multidimensional treatment plan is emphasized to improve short-term response and long-term recovery.