Tulving's (1989) Doctrine of Concordance Revisited.
Journal of cognition January 1, 2025 Bennett L Schwartz, Anne M Cleary 8 citations
The Doctrine of Concordance is the assumption that cognitive processes, behavior, and conscious experience are tightly linked. Tulving and Schwartz challenged this, showing that conscious experience can be absent during cognitive tasks or uncorrelated with behavior. Despite progress, some memory research—particularly on dual- vs. single-process theories of recognition memory, remember/know judgments, and retrospective confidence—still implicitly endorses this doctrine. In contrast, research on metacognitive disconnects in learning, recognition illusions, déjà vu, and aha experiences demonstrates dissociations between the mechanisms creating conscious experience and underlying cognitive processes. Understanding these dissociations is key to grasping how the mind operates.