Mysticism's origins, causes, and shape are debated: is mystical experience a reliable source of knowledge, universal across traditions, or does it vary by culture and era? Twelve authors challenge the recent "received view" called constructivism, which holds that mystical experience is significantly shaped by a subject's beliefs, concepts, and expectations.
Nearly half of all Americans (43 percent) and 48 percent of all British people report having had one or more mystical experiences, according to large-scale studies summarized by David Hay in Religious Experience Today. Such experiences are not limited to the uneducated; more than half of all college graduates report them. The observation that many seminal religious leaders have undergone mystical experiences is common, but the widespread prevalence of these experiences among the general population is less known.