People with trance and possession types of dissociative disorder report stronger spiritual beliefs than those with other types. Among 44 participants diagnosed with dissociative disorder according to ICD-10 criteria, those with trance and possession disorder scored significantly higher on the Spirituality Involvement and Belief Scale compared to those with dissociative disorder not otherwise specified, amnesia, and motor types. Scores were also higher than for convulsion and mixed types, though not statistically significant. The core spirituality factor was especially elevated in the trance and possession group. The findings suggest that spiritual beliefs differ across dissociative disorder subtypes and may help clarify psychopathological aspects of these conditions.
Heavy cannabis use may increase the risk of psychotic illness, mood disorders, and cognitive abnormalities. In a study of 30 male patients hospitalized with cannabis-associated psychosis, hostility (83%) and excitement (77%) were the most prevalent and severe symptoms, followed by elevated mood, grandiosity, suspiciousness, and motor hyperactivity. Patients who began using cannabis earlier and used it for longer periods had more severe psychosis. The amount of money spent on cannabis, but not the frequency of use, was significantly associated with overall symptom severity. A family history of cannabis abuse predicted an earlier onset of cannabis use.