Classical mindfulness: an introduction to its theory and practice for clinical application.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences August 1, 2009 Lobsang Rapgay, Alexander Bystrisky 168 citations
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been central to introducing mindfulness into psychology and medicine, leading to secular adaptations and new measurement tools. However, increasing scrutiny reveals important questions: there is no operational definition of mindfulness, little evidence for the mechanisms explaining its effects on psychopathology and medical conditions, and unclear differentiation between attention and awareness, which are often used interchangeably. Traditional Buddhist contemplative psychology distinguishes attention as an ever-changing factor of consciousness from awareness as a stable state of consciousness.