Symptoms of anxiety and depression in childhood and use of MDMA: prospective, population based study
BMJ February 24, 2006 Anja C Huizink, Robert F Ferdinand, Jan Van der Ende et al. 77 citations
Childhood symptoms of anxiety and depression are associated with a greater likelihood of using MDMA (ecstasy) in adolescence or young adulthood. In a prospective longitudinal study of 1,580 individuals followed from childhood into adulthood, those whose parents reported deviant-range anxious or depressed behavior in childhood had more than double the risk of later MDMA use (hazard ratio 2.22). The findings suggest that individuals with such symptoms may be particularly susceptible to the drug's euphoric and bonding effects.