Ketamine-Induced Deficits in Auditory and Visual Context-Dependent Processing in Healthy Volunteers
Archives of General Psychiatry December 1, 2000 Daniel Umbricht, Liselotte Schmid, Rene Koller et al. 590 citations
In healthy volunteers, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine significantly reduced the amplitude of mismatch negativity (MMN) brain responses to pitch and duration changes by 27% and 21%, respectively. Ketamine also impaired performance on a continuous performance test, decreasing hit rates and increasing specific context-dependent errors (BX errors), indicating a failure to form and use transient memory traces. These findings suggest that NMDARs are critically involved in generating MMN and that NMDAR dysfunction may underlie deficits in transient memory at different levels of information processing in schizophrenia.