Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience January 1, 2012 David R. Vago, David A. Silbersweig 1,324 citations
Mindfulness—whether as a state, trait, process, meditation type, or intervention—benefits a range of psychological disorders and reduces stress. However, how it works and how it is defined remain unclear. This paper presents an integrative theoretical framework and neurobiological model called S-ART (self-awareness, self-regulation, self-transcendence). It explains that systematic mental training develops meta-awareness, behavioral self-modulation, and prosocial characteristics that transcend self-focused needs. The model proposes that meditation modulates self-specifying and narrative self-networks via a fronto-parietal control network, supported by processes like attention regulation, emotion regulation, and decentering. The framework aims to guide future research in contemplative sciences and treatments for psychological disorders.