Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN
January 1, 2023
Broc A Pagni, Ethan Hill, Melissa J M Walsh et al.
20 citations
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and social support/education (SE) both reduced depression, anxiety, and autistic traits in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). MBSR uniquely improved executive functioning and increased mindfulness traits, including the trait nonjudgment. Decreased connectivity between the insula and thalamus was associated with anxiety reduction and increased mindfulness traits specifically in the MBSR group; decreased connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate correlated with improved working memory. Both groups showed decreased amygdala-sensorimotor and medial-lateral prefrontal cortex connectivity, which corresponded with reduced depression. The findings suggest shared and distinct neural mechanisms for MBSR and SE, implicating the default mode and salience networks.
Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN
January 1, 2024
Jinsong Tang, Qiuxia Wu, Chang Qi et al.
7 citations
Chronic, non-medical use of ketamine is associated with widespread thinning of the brain's outer layer, the cortex. Compared with healthy controls, 95 people with ketamine use disorder showed reduced cortical thickness in many regions, most extensively in the frontal and parietal lobes, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and precuneus. No areas of increased thickness were observed. Greater estimated lifetime ketamine consumption correlated with thinner cortex in the right inferior parietal and right rostral middle frontal regions. These findings highlight potential long-term structural brain changes from non-medical ketamine use and serve as a reference for its antidepressant use.
Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN
January 1, 2024
Peipei Wang, Linzhi Jiang, Junmei Hu et al.
1 citation
In a mouse model of schizophrenia induced by ketamine, the number of peripheral CD3+ T cells increased. Analysis of metabolites in these immune cells and in plasma showed that amino acid metabolism was substantially altered, with elevated levels of glycine, alanine, asparagine, and aspartic acid. The precise amino acid metabolism pathway driving the schizophrenia-like phenotype has not yet been identified. The findings suggest that the metabolic profile of peripheral immune cells could provide biomarkers for diagnosing and treating psychiatric diseases.