Pharmacogenomics

ISSN 1744-8042

2 papers in the library · 107 citations · publishing 2011-2025

Papers

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion Pharmacogenomics of Drugs of Abuse

Pharmacogenomics February 1, 2011 Markus R. Meyer, Hans H. Maurer 107 citations

The effects of drugs of abuse and other foreign substances depend on an individual's genetic makeup and the specific enzymes that break down those substances. This article summarizes current knowledge about the enzymes—such as cytochrome P450, glucuronyltransferases, esterases, and reductases—involved in metabolizing frequently abused opioids (oxycodone, hydrocodone, methadone, fentanyl, buprenorphine, tramadol, heroin, morphine, codeine), anesthetics (GHB, propofol, ketamine, phencyclidine), cognitive enhancers (methylphenidate, modafinil), plant-derived hallucinogens (LSD, salvinorin A, psilocybin, psilocin), and nicotine. Understanding these metabolic pathways helps predict drug interactions, explain individual differences in drug response, assess toxicity, and improve drug testing interpretation.

DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.171 Pharmacology Alfentanil Hydrocodone Oxycodone +7

ATP-binding cassette transporter polymorphisms and the pharmacokinetics of oral esketamine

Pharmacogenomics December 12, 2025 Jerome Oude Nijhuis, Daniël T. Coerts, Jens van Dalfsen et al.

Oral esketamine is a promising treatment for depression that does not respond to other therapies, but how much of the drug reaches the bloodstream varies from person to person. This study tested whether common genetic variations in two drug-transport proteins, ABCB1 and ABCG2, affect esketamine levels in the blood. In 18 participants from a placebo-controlled trial, esketamine concentrations four hours after dosing did not differ significantly among people with different ABCB1 or ABCG2 genotypes. Metabolite levels also showed no association with these genetic variants. The findings suggest that these transporter polymorphisms do not influence oral esketamine pharmacokinetics, though the small sample size means the results are preliminary and need confirmation in larger studies.

DOI: 10.1080/14622416.2026.2617376 Full text Ketamine Pharmacokinetics Pharmacogenetics Genotype +8