Oxford Handbooks Online
May 1, 2012
Lawrence A. Shapiro
8 citations
Embodied cognition offers an alternative to cognitivism by arguing that cognition is not merely computational manipulation of static representations. Cognitivism treats the mind as a passive receptor that transforms input representations (e.g., shading) into outputs (e.g., shape) via algorithms, requiring isolated experimental stimuli. Gibson's theory of perception instead holds that information in the optic array directly specifies opportunities for action, allowing active observers to perceive their world relative to their needs without further mental embellishment. Embodied cognition researchers propose this as a new framework for studying the mind, emphasizing the role of the body and environment in shaping cognitive processes.
Oxford Handbooks Online
October 5, 2016
Mark R. Leary, Kirk Warren Brown, Kate J. Diebels
3 citations
People with a hypo-egoic mindset are more focused on the present moment, process experiences with minimal internal commentary, and have a less individuated identity. They balance their own interests with others' needs, care less about how others evaluate them, and show greater emotional equanimity. Interpersonally, they tend to be agreeable, attentive, and caring. These characteristics likely make them more prone to experiences such as flow, awe, compassion, and mystical states.
Oxford Handbooks Online
April 5, 2018
Tore Nielsen
1 citation
The fleeting dream images of sleep onset, called microdreams, are briefer and simpler than REM dreams and more accessible to study. Examining their phenomenology has helped develop a classification system for dreaming's core features (Windt's oneiragic spectrum), establish a structure for assessing dreaming's multiple memory inputs, uncover two new types of imagery (autosensory and exosensory), and provide a framework for explaining microdreaming processes through multisensory integration. Continued focus on microdream neurophenomenology may help resolve questions about dreaming's core features, brain correlates, and memory sources.