YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
October 1, 2008
46 citations
In Japan, 32 psychotropic substances were controlled under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law starting April 2007 to curb drug abuse, but new designer drugs continue to emerge. Just before a law amendment, 7 designer drugs were detected in 15 products using NMR, GC-MS, and LC-MS analyses. These included three methylone derivatives (MDPV, bk-MBDB, bk-MDEA), a MDMA derivative (N-OH MDMA), a methamphetamine derivative (N-Me-4-FMP), a tryptamine derivative (5-MeO-EIPT), and indan-2-amine. 5-MeO-EIPT was newly identified in this study.
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
June 1, 2009
Maiko Kawamura, Yukihiro Goda, Ruri Kikura‐hanajiri
19 citations
A rapid screening method using Direct Analysis in Real Time time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-TOFMS) was developed to identify psychotropic compounds in plant products of abuse in Japan without sample preparation. Among 36 products, protonated molecular ions corresponding to six hallucinogenic constituents—mescaline, salvinorin A, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, harmine, harmaline, and lysergamide—were detected in 21 products, with contents ranging from 0.05 to 45 micrograms per milligram. Results matched those from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Controlled narcotics such as tetrahydrocannabinol, opioid alkaloids, and psilocin were also directly detected in marijuana, opium gum, and magic mushrooms. DART-TOFMS offers a simple, rapid screening tool for targeted psychotropic natural products, though matrix effects from other plant ingredients remain difficult to estimate.
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
February 1, 2010
Nahoko Uchiyama, Norimasa Miyazawa, Maiko Kawamura et al.
16 citations
By July 2009, Japan had designated 40 psychoactive substances (including 12 tryptamines, 17 phenethylamines, 3 piperazines, 6 alkyl nitrites, 1 diterpene, and 1 plant) as controlled substances under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law to prevent abuse. Despite these controls, new designer drugs continue to appear in the illegal market. Analysis of two products purchased in Japan between October 2008 and February 2009 identified four compounds: three phenethylamine derivatives—N-Me-2-FMP, ALEPH-4, and DON—and one tryptamine derivative, 5-MeO-EPT. N-Me-2-FMP and 5-MeO-EPT were newly identified, while ALEPH-4 and DON were found as novel illegal drugs in Japan.
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
October 31, 2020
Rie Tanaka, Maiko Kawamura, Takashi Hakamatsuka et al.
15 citations
Three new LSD-like designer drugs were identified in paper sheet products seized in Japan between September 2019 and March 2020. Using methanol extraction followed by LC-MS, high-resolution MS, GC-MS, and NMR analyses, the compounds were identified as 1cP-LSD, MIPLA, and 1B-LSD. Like other N1-acylated LSD derivatives, 1cP-LSD and 1B-LSD easily break down into LSD during GC-MS analysis, requiring caution when testing.
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
April 30, 2020
Rie Tanaka, Maiko Kawamura, Takashi Hakamatsuka et al.
15 citations
From 2014 to 2017 in Japan, four lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) derivatives were detected in paper sheet products sold as designer drugs. The compounds were identified as ALD-52, ETH-LAD, AL-LAD, and 1P-LSD using GC-MS, LC-MS, LC-Q-TOF-MS, and NMR analyses. Extraction methods and analytical conditions for GC-MS, LC-MS, and LC-FL were studied. As of September 2019, 2372 substances and two plants are controlled as "Designated Substances" under Japanese law. Only 1P-LSD was already regulated since April 2016; pharmacological evaluation of the other derivatives is ongoing to inform future legislation.