Salvinorin A, a potent hallucinogen from Salvia divinorum, is rapidly eliminated after intraperitoneal dosing in rats, with a half-life of 75 minutes and a clearance of 26 L/h/kg. Its distribution is extensive (47.1 L/kg), but brain levels are low (brain-to-plasma ratio 0.050) and the brain half-life is only 36 minutes. In cell studies, salvinorin A is transported by P-glycoprotein and metabolized by several enzymes, including CYP2D6, CYP1A1, CYP2C18, CYP2E1, and UGT2B7. These findings align with the compound's fast onset and short duration of action.
Hydrogel-forming microarray patches (HF-MAPs) can deliver small doses of the psychedelic compounds N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), and mescaline (MES) through the skin. In tests using excised neonatal porcine skin, a reservoir containing polyethylene glycol 400 enabled permeation of 60.71% for DMT, 59.61% for 5-MeO-DMT, and 41.85% for MES. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed that DMT delivered via HF-MAP had a significantly greater area under the curve (7186 ± 1296 ng/mL*h) compared to intramuscular injection (1803 ± 53.25 ng/mL*h), with a relative bioavailability of about 72%. This suggests HF-MAP technology could reduce dosing frequency for DMT microdosing.