Terapias psicodélicas (psilocibina, mdma) en el tratamiento del trastorno de estrés postraumático
Polo del Conocimiento November 1, 2025 Jhon Bryan Paca Aucancela
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains a clinical challenge due to high resistance to conventional pharmacotherapy and dropout from traditional therapies. The current 'psychedelic renaissance' proposes controlled use of psychoactive substances to enhance trauma processing. This review analyzed clinical efficacy, neurobiological mechanisms, and safety profiles of MDMA- and psilocybin-assisted therapies. MDMA shows superior efficacy specific to PTSD, achieving remission rates near 67% in severe cases by reducing amygdala hyperactivity and fostering interpersonal trust. Psilocybin demonstrates transdiagnostic potential by disrupting the default mode network (DMN) and facilitating deep cognitive restructuring. Both substances act as 'psychoplastogens,' opening critical windows of neuroplasticity for memory reconsolidation. These interventions represent a paradigm shift toward 'assisted healing,' but viability depends on rigorous safety protocols and specialized psychotherapeutic support.