Natural hallucinogens of fungal and animal origin: action and potentialapplications - a narrative review.
Folia medica Cracoviensia July 31, 2025 Krzysztof Ciszowski, Angelika Ziaja, Ewa Niedzielska-Andres et al.
Hallucinogens from fungi and animals, such as psilocybin, ergot alkaloids, and bufotenine, have been used traditionally for centuries and are now being studied for therapeutic applications. These compounds vary widely in chemical structure and mechanism, affecting neurotransmitter systems to alter perception, cognition, and mood. A review of literature from 1983 to 2025 indicates that preclinical and limited clinical data suggest benefits for mood and anxiety disorders, treatment-resistant depression, pain, and possibly neurodegenerative diseases. Some compounds may serve as leads for new drugs. Further research is needed to understand their mechanisms, safety, and therapeutic potential in neuropsychiatry.