Plant and Fungal Hallucinogens as Toxic and Therapeutic Agents
Plant Toxins January 1, 2019 E. A. Carlini, Lucas O. Maia 3 citations
This chapter reviews hallucinogens of natural origin, covering indoleamines (e.g., psilocybin, ibogaine), phenylethylamines (mescaline), tropane alkaloids (atropine, scopolamine), cannabinoids (THC), and salvinorin A. It describes representative plants and mushrooms, their psychopharmacological effects, and sociocultural and historical use. The importance of set and setting in shaping consciousness-altering experiences is emphasized. The chapter discusses animal models for predicting hallucinogenic properties and investigating mechanisms of action. It compares hallucinogens to endogenous neurotransmitters, evaluates their ability to produce symptoms resembling mental disorders, and explores their therapeutic potential in psychopathological conditions.