A round-table discussion held in 2020 marked the 70th anniversary of Alan Turing's seminal paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence." Speakers examined how artificial intelligence research informs understanding of human consciousness and natural intelligence, and weighed both opportunities and risks of deploying AI in education, politics, and social communication. The discussion underscored the need for renewed philosophical analysis of Turing's work in light of contemporary digital challenges and advances in artificial intellectual systems.
This article traces V.A. Lektorsky's evolving philosophical position on the debate between constructivism and realism, from his early dialectical materialism to a post-Marxist variant of realism. Lektorsky's later realism draws on cognitive science, rejecting the computational model of cognition in favor of enactivism, which emphasizes the knowing subject's physical body as actively embedded in and interacting with its environment. The analysis reconstructs two stages in Lektorsky's work on epistemological realism, examines the arguments for his conception of "constructive" or "activity" realism, and evaluates their merits within the broader European philosophical tradition.
The article analyzes the relationship between the cognitive unconscious, phenomenal consciousness (subjective experience), and access consciousness (information available for behavioral control and verbal reporting), using N. Block's distinction as a framework. It traces conceptual origins from Descartes and Leibniz through psychoanalysis and the cognitive turn, where the unconscious became understood as automatic information processing influencing behavior, emotions, and thinking without awareness. Experiments with subliminal perception, inattentional blindness, and blindsight demonstrate difficulty correlating neural processing with subjective experience, highlighting attention's role as a filter.