Panentheistic Cosmopsychism
Swami Vivekananda's Vedāntic Cosmopolitanism February 17, 2022 S. Medhananda
Chapter 9 addresses the hard problem of consciousness—how conscious experience arises—and reconstructs Vivekananda's Sāṃkhya-Vedāntic solution, showing its relevance to contemporary debates. It first outlines Ramakrishna's mystical views and those of five Western contemporaries (Tyndall, Huxley, James, Clifford, Wallace), then examines Vivekananda's critique of materialist theories. Vivekananda defends panentheistic cosmopsychism, holding that Divine Consciousness is the sole reality manifesting as the universe.