Метафора в природе: фигура действия, восприятия и окружающей среды
ΠΡΑΞΗMΑ Journal of Visual Semiotics February 20, 2026 Андрей Сергеевич Дружинин, Роман Ярмолюк
Metaphor is not merely a figure of speech but a fundamental biological and ecological function within the brain–body–environment system, shaped by our experiences and interactions with the world. Drawing on neurophenomenology, ecolinguistics, and biosemiotics, the article argues that metaphors emerge from deep biological processes and develop through six stages: boundedness, recurrence, repetition, relation formation, reference, and reversible operating. Eight types of metaphor are identified, including perceptual, cross-gestural, verbo-gestural, sensorimotor, narrative, grammatical, and stance metaphors, which all serve as cognitive tools for multisemiotic engagement with the environment. The work advances a constructivist and enactivist view of metaphor as a continuously evolving, biologically enabled phenomenon.