The terms 'mysticism' and 'mystical experience' are so ambiguous that they require not only precision but the construction of an entire theory explaining their significant multidimensionality. This article offers methodological indications for creating a theory of mysticism, focusing on aspects to consider when speaking adequately about mysticism. Its content draws heavily on the thoughts of theologian and theorist Bernard McGinn, who emphasizes mysticism's religious context and procedural character. The essence of mysticism appears as a direct experience of the Presence of God, equally important is its expression in the language of a given culture. The traditional category of 'mystical experience' seems insufficient and should be replaced by the more adequate 'mystical consciousness' or even 'transpersonal meta-consciousness'.
Bernard McGinn, a leading scholar of Western Christian mysticism, avoids defining mysticism directly. Instead, he examines it as a part of religion, a process or way of life, and an attempt to express direct consciousness of God's presence. His integral view sees mysticism as the goal and fulfillment of spirituality within a community, a transformative force in daily life. Two key categories in his theory are "presence," which he finds more central for unifying Christian mysticism, and "consciousness," which he considers more precise than the ambiguous term "experience." McGinn's understanding is encapsulated as Christian belief and practice concerning preparation for, consciousness of, and the effect of a direct and transformative presence of God.