A Meta-Regression of psychosocial factors associated with sleep outcomes in mindfulness-based intervention trials.
Nathaniel R Choukas, Emily C Woodworth, Heena R Manglani, Jonathan Greenberg, Ryan A Mace
Behavioral sleep medicine January 1, 2025 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2024.2401457 via PubMed
Summary
AI-generated from the abstractMindfulness-based interventions improve sleep disturbance across healthy and clinical populations. A meta-regression of 40 randomized controlled trials found that these interventions produced significant reductions in sleep disturbance (standardized mean difference = -0.523) and in psychosocial factors such as stress and depression. Reductions in sleep disturbance were linked to reductions in stress and depression, suggesting these psychosocial factors may be important mechanisms. The analysis also indicates that participant and methodological factors play a role. Future research should include additional measures and examine longitudinal associations to identify the active ingredients of mindfulness-based interventions.
Study at a glance
| Characteristics | Meta-regression Randomized Longitudinal Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | Healthy and clinical adult populations |
| Intervention | Mindfulness-based interventions |
| Citations | 2 |
| Key finding | Mindfulness-based interventions significantly reduce sleep disturbance, and these reductions are associated with decreases in stress and depression. |
Abstract
In this meta-regression, we aimed to explore associations between changes in psychosocial factors and changes in sleep disturbance during mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). We also investigated participant-specific and methodological factors associated with sleep disturbance during MBIs. We utilized data from a published meta-analysis of 40 randomized controlled trials of MBIs (published from inception to 2020) with a sleep disturbance outcome measure in healthy and clinical adult populations. We conducted meta-regressions to test associations between sleep improvements following MBIs and psychosocial factors, as well as demographic and methodological factors. MBIs were associated with significant reductions in sleep disturbance (SMD = -0.523; 95% CI = -0.678 to -0.368) and psychosocial factors (SMD = -0.213 - -0.894). Reductions in sleep disturbance were associated with reductions in stress (r = 0.74, p = .02) and depression (r = 0.90, p < .001). MBIs improve sleep disturbance across a wide range of healthy and clinical populations. Stress and depression may be important psychosocial factors associated with sleep disturbance. Future RCTs should include measures of additional factors and should investigate longitudinal associations between psychosocial, demographic, and methodological factors with changes in sleep disturbance to test mechanisms and to identify "active ingredients" of MBIs.