THE RECEPTION OF C.G. JUNG IN US DEATH AND DYING STUDIES

C.G. Jung's ideas significantly shaped how death and dying were understood and treated in the United States between 1960 and 1980. This article examines how psy practitioners in thanatology, palliative care, suicide studies, and near-death studies adopted Jung's concepts. After tracing Jung's 'Americanisation' in the 1950s and the reception of his commentaries on death alongside The Tibetan Book of the Dead, the author analyzes four examples: a psychiatric comparison of Jung's near-death experience account with William James' mystical states; LSD therapies provoking symbolic dying processes; studies of suicide survivors; and parapsychological investigations of near-death experiences. Jung's work proved pivotal, linking psychology to terminal illness approaches and positive or transpersonal psychology, and must be understood alongside the broader reception of James' psychology of religion.

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Abstract

C.G. Jung’s work has had a noticeable impact on conceptions about death and the dying experience, as well as on the therapeutic work methods that deal with anxiety, depression or terminal illnesses. This article analyses the reception of C.G. Jung’s work in the United States during the time period 1960-80. It examines ways in which Jung’s concepts were discussed and applied by psy practitioners who worked in fields related to death and dying studies (thanatology, palliative care, suicide and near- death studies). Following an examination of Jung’s ‘Americanisation’ in the 1950s and the reception of his commentaries on death, discussed in relation to the reception of The Tibetan Book of the Dead, I will analyse four examples: 1) a psychiatric interpretation of Jung’s account of a near- death experience and its comparison with William James’ mystical states of consciousness; 2) psychedelic therapies conducted with LSD, in which ‘symbolic dying processes’ are provoked; 3) suicide studies done on suicide survivors; 4) parapsychological investigation of near-death experience. The examples show that Jung’s work was pivotal, allowing psychologists to link it to concepts and approaches to terminal illness and positive or transpersonal psychology. Within the period under consideration, Jung’s reception has to be read and understood in relation to the more general reception of James’ work, in particular his psychology of religion. KEYWORDS William James, near-death experience, thanatology, palliative care, Tibetan Book of the Dead, LSD therapy, suicide studies, humanistic psychology