Transitions in Transitivity

The Seminal Heart (snying thig) tradition of Tibetan Buddhist Great Perfection (rdzogs chen) underwent dramatic changes in contemplative practices from the eighth century onward. A key innovation was the shifting roles of volitional effort and agency in meditation, alongside changes in transitivity—the directional transfer of energy and locus of agency among agents and patients. Understanding effort/lessness and agency requires close attention to the contemplative lexicon and grammar, including scripted shifts from procedural techniques to the unfolding logic of experience. This article focuses on the formative eleventh through fourteenth centuries, offering speculative thoughts on how these contemplative issues drove the tradition's dynamic changes.

Study at a glance

Abstract

The Seminal Heart (snying thig) is a form of the Tibetan Buddhist Great Perfection (rdzogs chen) tradition, which itself has been marked by a complex array of contemplative practices that have changed dramatically since its inception in the eighth century right up to present times. A highly innovative central principle in these meditations is the shifting roles of volitional effort and loci of agency at play in their procedures, as well as in the manifest appearances, sensations, and dynamics that constitute the unfolding processes and experiences therein. In addition, subtle and dramatic shifts in transitivity—the directional transfer of energy and locus of agency amongst various agents and patients—are important features, so that understanding these questions of effort/lessness and agency requires paying close attention to the contemplative lexicon of elements and the grammar of contemplation, including moments when there are scripted shifts from procedural techniques to the unfolding logic of experience. This article will focus on the crucial initial formative period of the Seminal Heart tradition—from the eleventh through fourteenth centuries—and offer speculative thoughts about how these contemplative issues were crucial factors in the tradition’s dynamic changes over time.