Cowongan in Javanese Islamic mysticism: A study of Islamic philosophy in Penginyongan society

The text explains the Sufi concept of al-Hulul, or unity with God, which involves cleansing the heart and purifying the soul to achieve true happiness by directly connecting with God. It describes how Sufism is more accommodating to local culture, particularly among the Javanese, who blend religion and culture. Religion represents obedience to God, while culture provides values and symbols for dynamic living. The religious system integrated into society shapes the socio-religious order mutually, though it is not a standard system. Javanese life tends toward mystical and magical traits, closely aligned with religious characteristics.

Study at a glance

Abstract

closer to God by cleansing the heart and purifying the soul, with the aim of achieving true happiness by dealing directly with God. This theory is called al-Hulul [unity with God]. (Takahashi 2019). Sufism is considered to be more friendly to local culture, and the majority of Javanese people have direct contact with religion and culture. Religion symbolises the value of obedience to God, while culture contains values and symbols so that humans can be dynamic in their lives. Religious systems that blend into society have a collective meaning, namely mutual influence on the totality of the socio-religious order, but cannot be seen as a standard system in society. Javanese life is closer to mystical culture. This feature is very close to religious traits, and in certain groups it is even magical.