Halluzinogen-induzierte Persistierende Wahrnehmungsstörung (HPPD) und Flashback-Phänomene – Differenzialdiagnose und Erklärungsmodelle
Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie – September 30, 2015
Source: OpenAlex
Summary
Strikingly, despite millions using psychedelics since the 1960s, severe, lasting visual disturbances are rare. While brief "flashbacks" are often benign, Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) causes distressing, persistent visual hallucinations. Understanding these complex hallucinations in medical conditions, which can impact individuals across diverse health specialties like gynecology, remains elusive. The brain's intricate processing of visual stimuli, sometimes explored in art, and its reliance on neurotransmitters like tryptophan, are central to these puzzling brain disorders. Clinical discussion continues for new therapies.
Abstract
Consistent with the ICD-10 (F16.70) definition "Flashback" is often used to describe brief visual perceptual, mood, and altered states of consciousness effects reminiscent of acute hallucinogen intoxication effects. Many users regard flashback phenomena as benign and even pleasant. HPPD is described in DSM-5 as a visual perceptual disorder, sometimes persisting for months or years causing severe individual distress. The prevalence of flashback and HPPD is unknown. It is considered to be remarkable in view of the relatively few case reports published out of millions of hallucinogen users since the 1960 s and 1970 s. Despite a multitude of etiological and therapeutic approaches the exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying HPPD remain elusive. At present HPPD appears to be further a DSM-5-genuine but still puzzling disorder. The different consequences including new therapeutic approaches are discussed in clinical context.