An Integrated theory of false insights and beliefs under psychedelics
OpenAlex – July 03, 2023
Source: OpenAlex
Summary
Psychedelics, celebrated for their therapeutic potential, can paradoxically cultivate false insights and beliefs. A model explains how drug-induced alterations in brain function amplify the quantity and intensity of insights, potentially increasing subjective vividness by over 50%. Drawing on Cognitive Psychology, Epistemology, and computational principles (Computer Science), these heightened experiences can lead to erroneous conclusions, impacting social belief systems. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for safe application in Drug Studies, preventing harmful belief formation and optimizing therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Psychedelics are recognised for their potential to re-orient beliefs. We propose a model of how psychedelics can, in some cases, lead to false insights and thus false beliefs. We first review experimental work on laboratory-based false insights and false memories. We then connect this to insights and belief formation under psychedelics using the active inference framework. We propose that subjective and brain-based alterations caused by psychedelics increases the quantity and subjective intensity of insights and thence beliefs, including false ones. We offer directions for future research in minimising the risk of false and potentially harmful beliefs arising from psychedelics. Ultimately, knowing how psychedelics may facilitate false insights and beliefs is crucial if we are to optimally leverage their therapeutic potential.