'Eve' and 'Ecstasy'. A report of five deaths associated with the use of MDEA and MDMA
JAMA – March 27, 1987
Source: OpenAlex
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, has sparked significant discussion regarding its safety and therapeutic potential. While many users perceive it as safe, five reported deaths linked to MDMA or its legal substitute, MDEA, reveal a darker reality. In three cases, these substances potentially triggered fatal arrhythmias in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions. Additionally, one user exhibited dangerous behavior leading to accidental death. Although fatalities from MDMA are infrequent, they highlight risks, particularly for those with underlying cardiac issues.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy"), a synthetic analogue of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, has been the center of recent debate over its potential for abuse vs its use as a psychotherapeutic agent. Following its emergency classification in Schedule 1 by the Drug Enforcement Administration in 1985, 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine (MDEA, "Eve") has appeared as MDMA's legal replacement. MDMA is thought to be safe by recreational users and by psychotherapists who support its use. The details of five deaths associated with the use of MDMA and MDEA are reported. In three patients, MDMA or MDEA may have contributed to death by the induction of arrhythmias in individuals with underlying natural disease. In another patient, use of MDMA preceded an episode of bizarre and risky behavior that resulted in accidental death. In another patient, MDMA was thought to be the immediate cause of death. Death as a consequence of the use of these drugs appears to be rare, but it does occur; this outcome may be more common in individuals with underlying cardiac disease.