Review article: mechanisms and management of hepatotoxicity in ecstasy (MDMA) and amphetamine intoxications
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics – February 01, 1999
Source: OpenAlex
Summary
Ecstasy and amphetamines, often perceived as safe recreational drugs, can lead to severe liver damage, with cases of acute liver failure reported among young users. In the UK and Europe, these substances are widely used, yet their association with hepatotoxicity is alarming. Analysis shows that in some instances, liver injury arises from multiple mechanisms linked to these drugs. Awareness of this risk is crucial for effective management, particularly regarding liver transplantation options for those experiencing fulminant hepatic failure.
Abstract
The social use of ecstasy (methylenedioxymethampheta‐mine, MDMA) and amphetamines is widespread in the UK and Europe, and they are popularly considered as ‘safe’. However, deaths have occurred and hepatotox‐icity has featured in many cases of intoxication with amphetamine or its methylenedioxy analogues such as ecstasy. Recreational use of these drugs presents an important but often concealed cause of hepatitis or acute liver failure, particularly in young people. The patterns of liver damage and multiple putative mechanisms of injury are discussed. Recognition of the aetiological agent requires a high index of suspicion. Optimum management of the resultant liver damage, including the controversial role of liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure, is also discussed.