Minimal self-models and the free energy principle.
Jakub Limanowski, Felix Blankenburg
Frontiers in human neuroscience September 12, 2013 Peer reviewed DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00547 via PubMed
Summary
The minimal phenomenal selfhood (MPS) is the basic, pre-reflective experience of being a self, rooted in bodily processes and self-modeling mechanisms. The free energy principle (FEP) provides a unified theory of cortical function, where self-organizing systems optimize hierarchical generative models by minimizing free energy. This review maps MPS onto the FEP via predictive coding and active inference, explaining how multisensory integration, interoception, agency, perspective, and the sense of mineness emerge. The FEP may thus ground higher-level self-referral and understanding of other minds.
Study at a glance
| Design | review |
|---|---|
| Key finding | The minimal phenomenal selfhood can be mapped onto a hierarchical generative model furnished by the free energy principle, explaining its key constituents through predictive coding and active inference. |
Abstract
The term "minimal phenomenal selfhood" (MPS) describes the basic, pre-reflective experience of being a self (Blanke and Metzinger, 2009). Theoretical accounts of the minimal self have long recognized the importance and the ambivalence of the body as both part of the physical world, and the enabling condition for being in this world (Gallagher, 2005a; Grafton, 2009). A recent account of MPS (Metzinger, 2004a) centers on the consideration that minimal selfhood emerges as the result of basic self-modeling mechanisms, thereby being founded on pre-reflective bodily processes. The free energy principle (FEP; Friston, 2010) is a novel unified theory of cortical function built upon the imperative that self-organizing systems entail hierarchical generative models of the causes of their sensory input, which are optimized by minimizing free energy as an approximation of the log-likelihood of the model. The implementation of the FEP via predictive coding mechanisms and in particular the active inference principle emphasizes the role of embodiment for predictive self-modeling, which has been appreciated in recent publications. In this review, we provide an overview of these conceptions and illustrate thereby the potential power of the FEP in explaining the mechanisms underlying minimal selfhood and its key constituents, multisensory integration, interoception, agency, perspective, and the experience of mineness. We conclude that the conceptualization of MPS can be well mapped onto a hierarchical generative model furnished by the FEP and may constitute the basis for higher-level, cognitive forms of self-referral, as well as the understanding of other minds.