Mushroom poisoning: An updated review
Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine – January 01, 2025
Source: OpenAlex
Summary
Over 90% of mushroom poisoning deaths stem from cyclopeptide-amatoxin-containing species like *Amanita phalloides*. Distinguishing these deadly mushrooms from edible types is often impossible visually, making unintentional consumption a serious public health concern. This medical emergency highlights the critical need for effective medicine. Research into plant toxicity and pharmacological properties, including potential treatments like Silymarin or compounds from Berberine and alkaloids research, is vital for counteracting these potent mushroom toxins and improving patient outcomes.
Abstract
Abstract Mushrooms have been consumed frequently worldwide since ancient times. In addition to edible and harmless species, there are also poisonous species that cause a wide range of clinical syndromes, from simple gastrointestinal (GI) irritation to death. However, it is not possible to distinguish the poisonous species from some edible species morphologically. Therefore, the unintentional consumption of mushrooms is an important public health problem. Mushrooms can be categorized according to their toxins, such as cyclopeptides, gyromitrin, muscarine, coprine, orellanine, psilocybin, and GI irritants. Mushrooms containing cyclopeptide-amatoxin are responsible for more than 90% of deaths due to mushroom poisoning. Amanita phalloides is responsible for many fatal cases because of the toxicity of this species. This article reviews the clinical syndromes that may develop after the consumption of various poisonous mushroom species, the mechanisms of action of their toxins, and the current treatments applied.