Pharmacological modulation of anxiety-like behavior by flumazenil, midazolam, and ketamine in rats: Evidence from aversive ultrasonic vocalizations and elevated plus maze.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav May 25, 2026 Marcela Unterspann, Chrysostomos Charalambous, Martin Votava et al.
Flumazenil, midazolam, and ketamine each modulate anxiety-like behavior in rats, as measured by aversive ultrasonic vocalizations and performance on the elevated plus maze. The study provides evidence that these pharmacological agents affect anxiety-related responses, with results indicating distinct effects depending on the drug and behavioral test. No specific numerical outcomes or sample sizes are reported in the abstract.