Flumazenil, midazolam, and ketamine each modulate anxiety-like behavior in rats, as measured by aversive ultrasonic vocalizations and performance on the elevated plus maze. The study provides evidence that these pharmacological agents affect anxiety-related responses, with results indicating distinct effects depending on the drug and behavioral test. No specific numerical outcomes or sample sizes are reported in the abstract.
Psilocybin and ibogaine, given in a dose-escalation protocol, facilitated extinction learning in male rats that had self-administered cocaine. Psilocybin reduced active lever pressing one day after the second dose, with a nonsignificant reduction after the first dose; ibogaine significantly reduced pressing even after the first administration. Neither drug significantly altered cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking, though psilocybin showed a trend toward attenuation. The treatments had no side effects on general locomotor activity or anxiety-like behavior in the open field test. These results suggest psilocybin and ibogaine may support extinction learning and possibly protect against relapse, warranting further research into their antiaddictive potential.