About 5-6% of Czech adults (350-430 thousand people) have ever used classical psychedelics such as LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, or ayahuasca, rising to 28-30% when cannabis is included (1.9-2.1 million users). Current (past-year) use of classical psychedelics is 0.7-1.9% (50-130 thousand people), and 9-11% (590-750 thousand users) when cannabis is included. Users of psychedelics are more often male, younger, and single. No significant socio-demographic differences appear between users of classical psychedelics and recreational cannabis users, but both groups differ from non-users and users of other illicit drugs.
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) shows cautious clinical potential for treating substance use disorders, but the evidence remains heterogeneous and largely from observational, open-label, or historical studies rather than strong randomized controlled trials. In the Czech Republic, recent developments include ketamine-assisted psychotherapy initiatives, inclusion of PAP in national addictology guidance, publication of national psychiatry guidelines for psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, and a 2025 legislative reform introducing psilocybin for medical use from January 2026. Broader integration will require clearer indications, accredited training, longitudinal outcome monitoring, and transparent communication of benefits and risks.