A 4-week mobile mindfulness training program, with or without neurofeedback assistance, reduced stress and improved psychological health in full-time employees. The neurofeedback-assisted group showed the greatest gains in resilience and relaxation, measured by electroencephalography, compared with a group that used only paper-based stress management materials. All groups completed assessments at baseline, immediately after training, and at a 4-week follow-up. The neurofeedback group's resilience improvements persisted through the follow-up period. The study suggests that adding neurofeedback may enhance the benefits of brief mobile mindfulness training for employee well-being, though larger and longer studies are needed.
A systematic review of 41 brain MRI studies involving 1,396 people with treatment-resistant depression and 587 healthy controls identified neural correlates of ketamine's antidepressant effects. Ketamine (0.5 mg/kg racemic or 0.25 mg/kg S-ketamine, infused intravenously over 40 minutes, given one to six times over two weeks) rapidly reduces depressive symptoms. Meaningful brain-based markers of treatment response were found in limbic, salience, fronto-parietal, default-mode, and subcortical networks. Features in limbic, salience, and fronto-parietal networks may help predict which patients with treatment-resistant depression will respond better to ketamine, particularly for relief of anhedonia, thought rumination, and suicidal ideation.