Stephanie Banuelos

2 papers in the library · 51 citations · publishing 2011

Papers

Evaluation of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to identify psychedelic phenethylamines.

Journal of analytical toxicology September 1, 2011 Sarah Kerrigan, Monica Brady Mellon, Stephanie Banuelos et al. 32 citations

Nine commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) used for routine drug screening fail to detect most psychedelic phenethylamines of the 2C, 2C-T, and DO series. Cross-reactivity for 10 of 11 tested designer drugs was below 0.4%, and even concentrations up to 50,000 ng/mL in urine—far above typical forensic levels—did not trigger a positive result. Only 4-methylthioamphetamine (4-MTA) showed measurable cross-reactivity, ranging from 5% to 200% depending on the assay. Laboratories relying solely on immunoassay screening may therefore miss these powerful psychedelic substances, whereas broad-spectrum chromatographic techniques can detect them.

DOI: 10.1093/anatox/35.7.444 Full text Drug screening Drug testing Substance screening Forensic toxicology screening +28

Simultaneous detection of ten psychedelic phenethylamines in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Journal of analytical toxicology September 1, 2011 Sarah Kerrigan, Stephanie Banuelos, Laura Perrella et al. 19 citations

A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method was developed to detect ten psychedelic phenethylamines (2C-B, 2C-H, 2C-I, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, 4-MTA, DOB, DOET, DOI, and DOM) in urine. After solid-phase extraction, limits of detection ranged from 2 to 10 ng/mL, and limits of quantitation were 10 ng/mL or less. Precision at 50 and 500 ng/mL gave coefficients of variation of 0.4–7.9%, and accuracy was 91–116%. Calibration curves were linear up to 1500 ng/mL. No carryover occurred at 5000 ng/mL, and no interferences from related compounds or endogenous bases were observed.

DOI: 10.1093/anatox/35.7.459 Full text Psychedelic drugs Drug testing Forensic toxicology Gc-ms