Iván Fornís Espinosa

Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo

2 papers in the library · 211 citations · publishing 2014-2017

Papers

New psychoactive substances as adulterants of controlled drugs. A worrying phenomenon?

Drug testing and analysis January 1, 2014 Claudio Vidal Giné, Iván Fornís Espinosa, Mireia Ventura Vilamala 135 citations

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are increasingly used as adulterants in controlled drugs, a phenomenon that has received little attention. Analysis of 173 samples submitted to a drug checking service from 2009 to 2012 identified 24 different NPS—including phenethylamines, substituted cathinones, tryptamines, and methoxetamine—in products believed to be MDMA, amphetamine, ketamine, cocaine, mescaline, or methamphetamine. The most common NPS adulterant was 2C-B, followed by 4-FA. Sixty-nine distinct substance combinations were found: 20 involved a controlled drug mixed with an NPS, and 49 involved one or more NPS replacing the intended drug entirely. These combinations pose substantial risks to users, highlighting the need for better knowledge of their toxicity and the dangers of NPS entering illegal markets. Drug checking services and early-warning systems can help reduce harm.

DOI: 10.1002/dta.1610 Full text Controlled drugs Illegal market New psychoactive substances Compounds +4

The detection and prevention of unintentional consumption of DOx and 25x‐NBOMe at Portugal's Boom Festival

Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental May 1, 2017 Daniel Martins, Monica J. Barratt, Cristiana Vale Pires et al. 76 citations

At the 2014 Boom Festival in Portugal, a drug-checking service analyzed 245 samples that users believed to be LSD. Only 67.3% actually contained LSD alone; 24.1% contained another psychoactive substance instead, including 11.4% that were DOx derivatives and 9.8% that were 25x-NBOMe derivatives. Among users who received unexpected results, 74.2% said they did not intend to consume the drug they actually had. After alerts were disseminated on the second day, a larger proportion of all tests conducted were for LSD compared to the 2012 festival, where no such alert was issued. The authors suggest these findings support integrated drug-checking services in party settings.

DOI: 10.1002/hup.2608 Drug Test biology Consumption sociology Boom +9