A single, universal solid-phase extraction method using C18 cartridges efficiently extracts a wide range of opiate agonists, cocaine metabolites, and LSD from blood, serum, urine, and other biological fluids. The method achieves high recoveries for most drugs and produces clean extracts suitable for analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. The procedure was developed for routine forensic toxicology casework and demonstrates broad applicability across different drug classes and biological matrices.
In 1996, honey jars labeled as containing Stropharia cubensis (Psilocybe cubensis) were confiscated at the Dutch-German border. Microscopic analysis of a surface layer of particles revealed mushroom tissue and spores typical of Psilocybe. Chemical analysis using HPLC with mass spectrometry and diode array detection identified psilocine but not psilocybine. Quantification was difficult due to matrix interference. The honey with Psilocybe could be purchased in Dutch coffee shops without restrictions, even though psilocine and psilocybine are listed substances under Dutch law.