The paradox of the self-studying brain.
Physics of life reviews March 1, 2025 Simone Battaglia, Philippe Servajean, Karl J Friston 14 citations
The brain's attempt to study itself creates a paradox of self-reference, raising questions about consciousness, psychiatric disorders, and the limits of science. Historically a philosophical issue, modern techniques like functional and structural brain imaging and neurostimulation now allow researchers to probe this inquiry. However, the broader implications remain unclear. The need to use both perception and introspection has led to different formulations of consciousness, and evidence for one does not necessarily support another. Deconstructing this paradox from philosophical and neuroscientific perspectives may yield insights into self-awareness and consciousness.