A supplementary training program integrating cold exposure, breathing exercises and mindfulness as a complementary treatment for neuropsychological aspects of multiple sclerosis - a pilot interventional study.
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders July 1, 2025 Darina Slezáková, Louise Mária Adamová, Peter Marček et al. 3 citations
A 12-week program combining cold exposure, controlled breathing, and mindfulness (the Wim Hof Method) improved cognition, fatigue, anxiety, and depression in people with multiple sclerosis. Compared to a control group receiving no intervention, the 12 participants in the Wim Hof group showed significantly greater gains on tests of processing speed and executive function, as well as reductions in fatigue, anxiety, and depression. The findings suggest the method may serve as a complementary non-pharmacological treatment for neuropsychiatric symptoms of multiple sclerosis.