In a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress, a single intranasal dose of (R)-ketamine produced stronger antidepressant effects than (R,S)-ketamine or (S)-ketamine. Conversely, (S)-ketamine caused the greatest increase in locomotor activity and deficits in prepulse inhibition, followed by (R,S)-ketamine, while (R)-ketamine showed the least. In conditioned place preference tests, repeated intranasal (S)-ketamine and (R,S)-ketamine increased preference scores dose-dependently, indicating abuse liability, whereas (R)-ketamine did not. These findings suggest intranasal (R)-ketamine may be a safer antidepressant option.
Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) reduces caregiver burden, anxiety, and depression, and improves mindfulness in main caregivers of children with allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis in children is common worldwide, including in China, and harms children's physical and mental health while placing a heavy care burden on caregivers, who often experience mental health problems. The modified online MBCT intervention was found applicable and effective for these caregivers.