Feasibility and effectiveness study of applying a hallucinogen harm reduction and integration model to a mindfulness thinking intervention using virtual reality: A randomized controlled trial.
Digital health January 1, 2024 Yanying Chen, Tianyang Wang, Yuxi Tan et al. 2 citations
A virtual reality (VR) program based on the hallucinogenic harm reduction and integration (PHRI) clinical model was compared with a traditional VR natural environment program for guiding positive thinking training. Seventy-six participants completed eight weeks of VR meditation. The PHRI-based program led to significantly higher scores on the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and lower scores on the Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire immediately after training, indicating a weaker sense of presence but greater mindful awareness. At a four-week follow-up, the PHRI group showed significantly higher scores on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, suggesting longer-lasting improvements in mindfulness and mental health. The PHRI program increased emotional activation and arousal but did not directly boost positive emotions and caused no severe motion sickness.