Research Progress on Detection of New Psychoactive Substance Piperazines in vivo.
Fa yi xue za zhi June 25, 2024 Jin-Ting Liu, Li-Ying Zhou, Jia-Hong Xiang et al.
Piperazines are a class of new psychoactive substances that produce hallucinogenic effects by altering monoamine neurotransmitter levels in the central nervous system. Their abuse causes stimulating and hallucinogenic effects along with adverse reactions such as headache, dizziness, anxiety, insomnia, vomiting, chest pain, tachycardia, hypertension, and may lead to cardiovascular diseases, multiple organ failure, and death. This review covers the in vivo processes, sample treatment, and analytical methods for piperazines, aiming to aid forensic identification.