Psychological science
June 1, 2010
Katherine A Maclean, Emilio Ferrer, Stephen R Aichele et al.
625 citations
Voluntary attention cannot be sustained for long periods, leading to a decline in perceptual sensitivity called the vigilance decrement. Training involving meditation practice—about 5 hours daily for 3 months—improved sustained attention. Participants were randomly assigned to receive training first or serve as waiting-list controls. Training improved visual discrimination, linked to increases in perceptual sensitivity and vigilance during sustained visual attention. These results suggest that perceptual improvements reduce the resource demand of target discrimination, making it easier to sustain voluntary attention.
Psychoneuroendocrinology
June 1, 2011
Tonya L Jacobs, Elissa S Epel, Jue Lin et al.
435 citations
After a 3-month meditation retreat with about 6 hours of daily practice, retreat participants showed greater telomerase activity—an indicator of cellular longevity—compared to a matched wait-list control group. Retreat participants also reported increased Perceived Control, Mindfulness, and Purpose in Life, and decreased Neuroticism. Statistical mediation analyses suggested that the retreat's effect on telomerase activity was explained by increases in Perceived Control and decreases in Neuroticism. These changes in perceived control and neuroticism were themselves partially explained by increased Mindfulness and Purpose in Life. Purpose in Life also directly mediated the group difference in telomerase activity, whereas Mindfulness did not. The findings suggest that meditation may influence cellular health through psychological changes.
Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
April 1, 2011
Baljinder K Sahdra, Katherine A Maclean, Emilio Ferrer et al.
203 citations
Three months of intensive meditation training in an isolated retreat setting improved sustained self-regulatory control, measured by a response inhibition task, and adaptive socioemotional functioning, a latent factor combining measures of attachment, mindfulness, empathy, personality traits, emotion regulation, depression, anxiety, and well-being. A wait-list control group showed no improvement until they underwent the same training. Gains in both self-regulation and adaptive functioning were sustained at a 5-month follow-up. Dynamic modeling indicated that improvements in self-regulation drove later changes in adaptive functioning, supporting the Buddhist claim that enhanced self-regulation is a precursor to emotional well-being.
Frontiers in human neuroscience
January 1, 2012
Manish Saggar, Brandon G King, Anthony P Zanesco et al.
136 citations
Intensive meditation training produces replicable changes in brainwave activity. In a controlled study, participants who practiced focused attention meditation for three months showed reduced beta-band power over anterior and posterior scalp regions during meditation, compared to a wait-list group that later received identical training. Individual alpha frequency also decreased across both retreats, and the decrease was directly related to the amount of meditation practice. These longitudinal changes in brain oscillatory activity help explain how meditation may support long-term improvements in attention and cognition.
Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
December 1, 2015
Erika L Rosenberg, Anthony P Zanesco, Brandon G King et al.
77 citations
Three months of intensive meditation training—daily practice in attention and compassion techniques—alters emotional responses to human suffering. In a randomized trial, 60 participants were assigned to either a meditation retreat or a wait-list control. At post-training, those who meditated showed more facial expressions of sadness and fewer expressions of anger, contempt, and disgust when viewing film scenes of suffering, compared to controls. Self-reported sympathy, but not sadness or distress, predicted these sad expressions and reduced rejection emotions in the training group. The results suggest that intensive meditation fosters enhanced sympathetic concern for others and reduced aversion to their suffering.
Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
October 1, 2013
Tonya L Jacobs, Phillip R Shaver, Elissa S Epel et al.
62 citations
Cognitive perseverations such as worry and rumination may prolong cortisol release, potentially contributing to disease pathways. Meditation training can increase self-reported mindfulness, which is linked to reductions in such perseverations, but no prior work directly linked mindfulness to resting cortisol output. In an observational study of 57 adults on a 3-month meditation retreat, mindfulness increased from pre- to post-retreat, while cortisol did not significantly change overall. However, mindfulness was inversely related to evening cortisol at both time points, and larger increases in mindfulness were associated with decreases in cortisol, whereas smaller increases or slight decreases in mindfulness were linked to increases in cortisol. These findings suggest a relationship between self-reported mindfulness and resting output of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system.