Frontiers in Pharmacology
March 18, 2020
Esther Papaseit, Marta Torrens, Mireia Ventura et al.
20 citations
2C-E, a psychedelic phenylethylamine similar to mescaline, acts as a partial agonist at serotonin 2A, 2B, and 2C receptors and inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin uptake. In an observational study, ten recreational psychedelic users self-administered single oral doses of 2C-E (6.5–25 mg). The drug induced alterations in perception, hallucinations, and euphoric mood, with saliva concentrations peaking 2 hours after administration. The effects resembled those of 2C-B and other serotonin-acting drugs.
Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
January 5, 2018
Esther Papaseit, Marta Torrens, Clara Pérez‐mañá et al.
20 citations
MDMA (ecstasy) produces amphetamine-like euphoria and well-being, increases empathy, and induces pro-social effects that drive recreational use and suggest therapeutic potential. This review examines interindividual differences in MDMA's pharmacodynamics, focusing on sex-gender, race-ethnicity, genetic differences, interactions, acute toxicity, and therapeutic use. Acute MDMA effects are more pronounced in women than men. Very limited data exist on race-ethnicity effects. MDMA metabolism involves polymorphic enzymes that slightly alter plasma concentrations and effects. The small number of subjects in acute-effect trials limits evaluation of interindividual factors and prevents clear conclusions about their influence, which should be considered in therapeutic studies.
Frontiers in Psychology
May 3, 2022
Débora González, Marc Aixalà, Robert A. Neimeyer et al.
15 citations
A woman suffering from complicated grief after her mother's suicide participated in an ayahuasca ceremony followed by Restorative Retelling sessions to process the psychedelic experience. The case report describes how ayahuasca evoked key psychological content related to her loss, and how the adapted Restorative Retelling technique helped integrate that content into autobiographical memory, fostering meaning-making. Evaluations before the ayahuasca experience and after Restorative Retelling suggest reductions in symptoms of complicated grief and general psychopathology. The authors propose that Restorative Retelling can effectively process and integrate psychedelic experiences, though they note limitations of a single case.
Mortality
December 5, 2024
Pablo Sabucedo, Chris Evans, Donald W. Nicholson et al.
1 citation
A woman in her thirties grieving her father's death from cancer underwent nine sessions of Meaning Reconstruction Therapy that included two ayahuasca sessions and subsequent integration sessions. The intervention prevented the development of complicated grief. Analysis of therapy session content and psychometric measures taken before, after, and at a three-month follow-up suggests that meaning reconstruction, psychological flexibility, and maintaining a continuing bond with the deceased were key processes driving the improvement.
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
February 1, 2000
Rafael de la Torre, Magı́ Farré, Jordi Ortuño et al.
MDMA (ecstasy) shows nonlinear pharmacokinetics in humans: as the dose increases, plasma concentrations rise disproportionately, meaning small dose increases lead to much higher drug levels. In a controlled trial with 14 healthy volunteers given 50–150 mg, urinary recovery of the metabolite HMMA stayed constant while MDMA recovery rose, suggesting saturation or inhibition of the demethylenation metabolic step. Nonrenal clearance was dose-dependent while urinary clearance remained constant. This nonlinearity occurs regardless of CYP2D6 genotype, implying that even moderate dose increases in recreational use can produce unexpectedly high plasma concentrations, raising the risk of acute toxicity for all users, not just the 10% genetically deficient in CYP2D6.