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Hannes M. Schwelm

University of Freiburg

2 papers in the library · 26 citations · publishing 2021-2022

Papers

Analytical profile, in vitro metabolism and behavioral properties of the lysergamide 1P‐AL‐LAD

Drug Testing and Analysis May 7, 2022 Simon D. Brandt, Pierce V. Kavanagh, Folker Westphal et al. 14 citations

The lysergamide 1P-AL-LAD is characterized and tested in vitro and in mice. In pooled human liver microsomes, 1P-AL-LAD converts to AL-LAD as the most abundant metabolite, supporting the idea that it acts as a prodrug. Fourteen metabolites are detected, including hydroxylation and deacylation products. In mice, 1P-AL-LAD produces a dose-dependent increase in head twitch response, a behavioral proxy for human hallucinogenic effects, with an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve. Its median effective dose is 491 nmol/kg, almost three times less potent than AL-LAD (174.9 nmol/kg). The prodrug mechanism likely explains its activity despite N1-substitution disrupting 5-HT2A receptor activation.

Separating the wheat from the chaff: Observations on the analysis of lysergamides LSD, MIPLA, and LAMPA

Drug Testing and Analysis May 22, 2021 Simon D. Brandt, Pierce V. Kavanagh, Folker Westphal et al. 12 citations

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a potent psychoactive substance of clinical interest, and its analogs, including N-methyl-N-isopropyl isomer (MIPLA), have appeared on the street market. This report describes analytical methods to differentiate MIPLA from LSD and the N-methyl-N-propyl isomer (LAMPA) under routine conditions. Gas chromatography-solid phase infrared spectroscopy was particularly helpful. GC-electron ionization-tandem mass spectrometry of the m/z 72 iminium ion distinguished the three isomers on mass spectral grounds alone. Derivatization with BSTFA improved GC separation. LC-Q-MS and in-source collision-induced dissociation differentiated MIPLA and LAMPA based on distinct m/z 239 ion ratios. An alternative LC-MS/MS method improved separation but LSD co-eluted with iso-LSD; comparing ion ratios at m/z 324.2 > 223.2 and 324.2 > 208.2 facilitated differentiation. Two blotters contained 180 and 186 μg MIPLA per blotter.