The Montreal model: an integrative biomedical-psychedelic approach to ketamine for severe treatment-resistant depression
Frontiers in Psychiatry September 19, 2023 Nicolas Garel, Jessica Drury, Julien Thibault Lévesque et al. 32 citations
A biopsychosocial approach to ketamine for treatment-resistant depression, called the Montreal model, pairs ketamine infusions with structured psychiatric care and psychotherapy. Developed over six years in public healthcare settings, the model conceptualizes ketamine as a brief intervention that creates windows of opportunity for enhanced care and psychological growth. It combines six ketamine infusions with psychedelic-inspired nonpharmacological adjuncts, including preparative and integrative psychological support. The model aims to bridge biomedical and psychedelic perspectives, offering a standardized yet flexible approach for severe, real-world patients. Further research is needed to assess its effectiveness and hypothesized psychological mechanisms.